Whiritoa - From long ago to now 2020

                                     Whiritoa Blow Hole end - photo courtesy Chris Ball 2015

Way back, millions of years ago, there were violent volcanic upheavals and things were said to be pretty hot. The earth spewed molten rock and lava from deep within, changing the landscape and forming what we see today.

                                   Cliffs south end Whiritoa - photo courtesy Chris Ball 2009

 Whiritoa, with the two valleys known as Whiritoa and Ramarama. ( called for the streams which flowed through them.) 

                        Whiritoa stream winding through wetlands to blowhole - photo Chris Ball 2010

Stretching from the mouth of the Otahu Inlet all the way to Waimama Bay, near Whiritoa was once a huge caldera called Tunaiti. Tunaiti’s diameter was said to be about 5 kilometres. The earth lay still. The sea invaded part of Tunaiti Caldera. Molten lava cooled, creating the spectacular coastline seen today. 

                                                     Along the coast to Whiritoa - photo JM Stewart 1980's

The collapsed caves and blowholes of Whiritoa South. Columnar  Jointing along parts of the cliffs around Papakura Bay. The distinct dome shapes of the hills seen up the Whiritoa and Ramarama Valleys, a reminder of the volcanic activity. Minerals, typical of Coromandel Peninsular volcanic upheaval, lay chilled in the coastal cliff faces - dark glassy perlite – a form of obsidian, still seen today.

                                  Rocky cliff Whiritoa South - photo courtesy Chris Ball 2015

 A mixed forest of kauri established itself on the volcanic ash and pumice. To this area came our First Peoples to gather the abundant supply of fish, shellfish and flax. Pa were established and the area was settled. That was long ago, and evidence can be found by archaeologists in the middens along the coast.

Whiritoa from the cliffs - photo courtesy Chris Ball 2004

Then came European seeking timber and from 1873 those seeking to stake their gold mining claim. They used sea transport (price negotiated) or mainly the Maori tracks. Some over the ranges and other tracks which followed a route from Paritu, Whangamata, Parakiwai, via Whiritoa to  Mataora and on to Ohinemuri.  There was certainly no State Highway 25 then.

Looking over the hills of Whiritoa towards the ranges and tracks across - photo courtesy Chris Ball 2007

In the 1880’s, a store was established at Parakiwai to trade gum and provide supplies to the surrounding areas. The Ross family, who settled at Whiritoa farming, found company in the few gold miners still working their claims in the Parakiwai area. The Te Wharekirauponga Stream (past the Royal Standard Mine) and Te Whareki tracks over to Golden Cross were ideal “shortcuts” to visit Ross friends at Waitekauri. However these tracks also gained the reputation of being a “Packers' nightmare “owing to the traffic use and sometimes very boggy conditions. Still no road to Whiritoa from Waihi.

 The Royal Standard Mine operation closed down in 1897. Gum digging, kauri logging and gold mining faded away, with farming taking their place. Mataora, in the next bay Southward, became a large farm, which helped sustain iwi  farming the land block, during the depression of the 1930's. There were also employment at the giant Waihi Gold mining Company. A " native school" was also built in 1908.A number of children from Whiritoa also went to this school, using the track fringing Otongo Point, Whiritoa to Mataora.

schoolhouse " Native school" Mataora - photo courtesy Chris Ball 2002

Mr. Ross, as well as farming at Whiritoa, kept sheep at Parakiwai ,in the next valley Northwards. Ross  shipped the wool via steamer to Auckland from Whangamata, or via Pack Horse to Waihi. At long last in the early 1920’s a clay road was opened from Waihi to Parakiwai via Whiritoa. Early days saw it with the reputation of a “buggy driver’s nightmare” for many of the same reasons as the Te Wharekirauponga Track. The Ross farm at Whiritoa was a great half – way point for Phillip Williamson, early settler of Whangamata, along with others, having “braved “ the clay road or Otahu Estuary. Over the years the road changed to a metalled State Highway 25, then the tar seal of today. ( after the 1960’s) The Ross farm gave way to a subdivision - Whiritoa.

Houses and baches sprang up and a new era for Whiritoa began. Today holidays near the sea, coastline and bush of long ago.

sea in storm invaded cliff wall South end - photo courtesy Chris Ball 2015

Reference Sources

• Binney, Judith, Redemption Songs: A Life of Te Kooti  Arikirangi Te Turuki, Auckland University Press, 1995 p293 –294
• Homer, L.; Moore, P. Vanishing Volcanoes: A guide to the landforms and rock formations of Coromandel Peninsula. Landscape Publications, Wellington.1992.
• Williamson, Beverley, M. Whangamata – 100 Years of Change, Goldfields Print Ltd. 1988
• Map N.Z. M.S. 274 , Coromandel State Forest Park, New Zealand Forest Service, 1st edition 1979
• In Ohinemuri Regional History Journal Historic Tracks of the Ohinemuri District Chook's Manuscripts THE TE WHAREKIRAUPONGA TRACK QUARRY ROAD TO GOLDEN CROSS http://www.ohinemuri.org.nz/index.html Also includes Extracts from ‘ The Patchwork Quilt “ by L.P. Wheeler

Lava flow exposed after storm 2009 - photo Chris Ball 

Waiorongomai AKA Piako County Tramway near Te Aroha

courtesy Chris Ball 2009

Waiorongomai Tramway AKA Piako County Tramway AKA Te Aroha Tramway - part of the past of our goldmining, railway and tramway heritage of New Zealand.  This tramway is listed as a NZ Heritage historic place category 1, said to be an " outstanding nineteenth century development in industrial engineering" ( Heritage NZ 

This tramway is also a part of our family history and a favorite of a number of our tramping cousins, For this is where James Stewart, civil engineer, began survey and construction of a tramway for the Piako County Council. 

In 2020 this tramway is a popular tourism spot for trampers, hikers and walkers for is one of the few New Zealand railway and tramway relics where many of the rails are still in place.

Break on May Queen 2009 photo courtesy Chris Bal1

This tramway is where James Stewart's second son, James Jnr. began his engineering apprenticeship under the strict tutelage of his father ( newly retired from the Public Works Department as District Engineer who then was  in private engineering practice - Stewart and Hunter - with other engineers joining this firm. Some of us call this tramway, James Stewart Snr's swan song, because it is one of height and steep inclines. 

Surveys  for the tramway began  back in 1882. On the eastern slopes of Mount Te Aroha. All as a result of Hone Wharehiko discovering gold. " Gold fever" bought prospectors to the area and vast amounts of capital for it was hard rock mining and not the alluvial gold of the South Island. A town - Waiorongomai - sprang up along with mines and batteries. The area was very steep, the completed tramway said to rise to  430 m (1,410 ft) with a gradient of 1in 4. The purpose of constructing this tramway was to bring the quartz for crushing down, to the four batteries.

THE MINING REVIVAL IN THE AUCKLAND PROVINCE: THE WAIORONGOMAI BATTERY, SOME FIVE MILES DISTANT FROM TE AROHA, AUCKLAND. courtesy 

 Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections AWNS-19090624-2-2

At the Piako County meeting in May of 1882 the following resolutions were passed which saw the beginning of this tramway being formed.

" That, firstly. Messrs  Jas. Stuart and Alex 'Aitken 'be requested to report in conjunction with the county engineer upon the best line. for a main tramway at Te Aroha, together with the best system of connecting branch tramways (either wire or otherwise), with the main line, and the probable cost thereof. Secondly. That Crs. J. C. Firth and Whitaker be a committee for the purpose of giving the engineer the necessary instructions and as to the remuneration." ( Waikato Times 04/05/1882)

Following a report to the meeting three weeks later of the Piako County Council by Stewart and Purchas ( a Mining Engineer and authorised surveyor ) on  the proposed tramway, saw Stewart appointed engineer for the construction. Also for drawings of the tramway and tenders which included formation, rails and sleepers.

Thames Star 

8 September 1882 

Page 3

courtesy papers past National Library NZ 

A combination of weather and terrain  hampered progress during the winter of 1882. By the end of November 1882, Darrow and Foughey were announced, successful tenderers for  a contract for formation of the tramway. McLiver's tender for 4,500 sleepers, to be supplied  in mainly kauri, with an option of six kinds of wood.  

A locomotive was ordered for the Wairongomai Tramway AKA Piako County Tramway. This was a first for engineering firm Price Bros of  Thames NZ. A four wheeled, geared type with horizontal cyls, this locomotive sat idle, as it was decided to use horse power rather than steam power to  bring the quartz  down. The locomotive ,from research undertake, then led a varied and chequered use. Not long after the Tramway opened October 1984, a " For Sale by Tender notice appeared in the local Te Aroha newspaper.

                                           Te Aroha News 27 December 1884 Page 7 courtesy Papers Past NZ National Library

The locomotive  continued to languish unused until  reported in the Waikato Times that it had  been  put into the hands of  Messrs Morrin and Co for sale for which they received £350. Bought by Smyth Bros of Kennedy Bay, Coromandel peninsula, the locomotive worked a bush tramway transporting logs until about 1906. In 1908 ,the Public Works Department purchased the locomotive for work down the South Island NZ , on the Otira line and the Blenheim to Waipara line.  

Showing a small rail bridge in bush setting at Waiorongomai. Situated at the southern foot of Mount Te Aroha, Piako County, Waikato. Gold was discovered in the vicinity in 1880, and mining continued there until about 1920. Possible prospector's hut at right. Courtesy Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections 7-A16035

Stewart resigned from the Piako County Tramway project in early 1883 due to other commitments, with survey and construction of the Rotorua Railway. H H Adams completed the permanent way of the  tramway as engineer in charge. Under weather conditions and slips Adams completed the tramway. Both Adams and Stewart attended the opening of the battery and tramway in November 1883.

Waiorongomai Tramway incline on Mount Te Aroha, Piako County. Ref: 1/2-090945-F. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/23036514

At the dinner celebrating the opening, Mr. Josiah  Firth, it was reported: - 

"The Chairman rose to award well-de-served praise to Mr. James Stewart the designer of the tramway and to Mr. H.H. Adams  who carried it out. It would remain as a monument to the engineering skill and indomitable pluck of both gentlemen. "( Te Aroha News, 06/12/1883/p2)

Despite the tramway's critics about cost, design  and functioning once opened, it has remained a monument to engineering skill and pluck. Easy to see this in 2020, looking back at this part of New Zealand history when for a very short while miners attempted to wrest gold from the quartz on the slopes of a high mountain - Te Aroha.  

Wairongomai Tramway 2009 - photo courtesy Chris Ball

Reference Source:

•       Stott, B. (1983). Prices of Thames Locomotive and General Engineers, Thames NZ. Dunedin: Southern Press Ltd.
•          MINES STATEMENT BY THE MINISTER OF MINES, THE HON. W. J. M. LARNACH, C.M.G. 24th JULY, 1885. Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1885 Session I, C-06
•         GOLDFIELDS, ROADS, WATER-RACES, AND OTHER WORKS IN CONNECTION WITH MINING (REPORT ON). Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1886 Session I, C-04
•           Piako Tramway, Heritage NZ https://www.heritage.org.nz/the-list/details/7401
•      From<https://www.archway.archives.govt.nz/ViewFullItem.do?code=19005753>04/03/1882 - J. C. Firth; Application to form a tramway situated at Waiorongomai Creek, Te Aroha.    R19005753 BBAV 11586 A556 1/ao
•            Waikato Times 4 May 1882 Page 2 
•             Waikato Times 30 May 1882 Page 2
•             28 August 1882 Thames Advertiser 
•             Thames Star 8 September 1882 Page 3
•             Thames Star  24 February 1883  Page 2 (Supplement)
•              Waikato Times  5 May 1883  Page 2
•              Auckland Star  11 October 1883  Page 2
•              Waikato Times  11 October 1883  Page 2
•               Te Aroha News  3 November 1883  Page 2 
•               New Zealand Herald  7 December 1883  Page 5
•               Te Aroha News 27 December 1884 Page 7
•               Waikato Times  17 October 1885  Page 2